Contains chemical constituents such as proanthocyanidins, polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, all of which are very potent antioxidants that help for diminish the sun’s damaging effects and reduce free-radical damage Grape extract has also been shown to have wound-healing properties. When combined with other antioxidants, topical application reduces biomarkers in skin responsible for skin cancer. Red grapes contain resveratrol, considered a very potent antioxidant and believed to be chiefly responsible for the health benefits of red wine (and grape juice). Topical application of grape seed extract to a cultured human skin equivalent showed evidence of younger skin, including enhanced synthesis of healthy collagen, elastin, and improvement in numerous other structural components of skin (Sources: Cancer Prevention Research, February 2010, pages 170–178; Phytotherapy Research, September 2009, pages 1,197–1,204; Carcinogenesis, June 2009, pages 1,008–1,015; Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, June 2008, pages S71–S76; Biogerontology, April 2007, pages 97–109; Free Radical Biology and Medicine, July 2001, pages 38–42; Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, June 2001, pages 187–200; and Toxicology, August 2000, pages 187–197).