In Europe there are two sunscreen ingredients—Tinosorb S (bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine) and Tinosorb M (methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol)—that are approved for sun protection across the entire range of UVA radiation (Sources: Photochemistry and Photobiology, September 2001, pages 401–406; and Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation, North America, www.cibasc.com). Whether they are preferred over the other UVA-protecting ingredients used in sunscreens has not been established. At this time, neither Tinosorb M nor Tinosorb S has been approved for use in the United States or Canada. See UVA