dipotassium phosphate

A synthetic salt that helps to adjust and maintain the pH of water-based and...

acid

Anything with a pH lower than 7 is considered acidic—above 7 is considered alkaline. Water has a pH...

bifida ferment lysate

A specific type of yeast obtained by the fermentation of Bifida...

advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)

Advanced glycation endproducts, also known as AGEs, are caused by the body's major fuel source, namely glucose.

AGE

ectoin

Skin-softening ingredient that also functions in cosmetics as a stabilizer. There's limited research...

EDTA

Acronym for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a stabilizer used in cosmetics to prevent ingredients...

environmental damage

Occurrence that takes place at an atomic level and is a complex physiological process. Molecules...

erythrulose

Substance chemically similar to the self-tanning agent dihydroxyacetone. Depending on your skin...

ethoxydiglycol

ethylhexylglycerin

A synthetic skin-conditioning agent used as a preservative or as a carrier or suspending agent for...

fish cartilage extract

May have water-binding properties, but there is no research showing that this has any benefit for...

flavor

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the term "flavor" on a product label signifies...

fruit acid

glucose oxidase

Glucose oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of the sugar glucose.

glutamic acid

Amino acid derived from wheat gluten. It can have water-binding properties for skin. There is no...

gluten ingredients

Gluten is a protein that occurs naturally in many types of grains, including wheat, rye, and barley.

isocetyl salicylate

isododecane

Hydrocarbon ingredient used as a solvent. Isododecane enhances the spreadability of products and...

lactoperoxidase

Enzyme derived from milk; it has purifying benefits for skin and may be helpful for...

lady's mantle extract

laurdimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed soy protein

laurdimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed wheat protein

lauroyl lysine

Amino acid derivative that functions as a skin- and hair-conditioning agent. It also contributes to...

lauryl PEG-9 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone

A silicone polymer that has multiple functions in cosmetic products, including skin/hair...

gold

An ingredient that seems luxe and helpful but is actually a frequent contact sensitizer…

guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride

hydrolyzed vegetable protein

Composed of various protein substances derived from vegetables and broken down by water to form a...

hydroxyethylpiperazine ethane sulfonic acid

Also known by the acronym HEPES, hydroxyethylpiperazine ethane sulfonic acid is a buffering ingredient typically used to...

inactive ingredient

The list of inactive ingredients is the part of an ingredient label that is not regulated by the...

isobutyl acetate

liposomes

Delivery system (not an ingredient) capable of holding other ingredients and releasing them after...

magnesium hydroxide

Active ingredient in milk of magnesia. It is an absorbent and has disinfectant properties for skin.

methylpropanediol

Glycol that functions as a solvent. Methylpropanediol can enhance ingredients such as salicylic acid.

Mucor miehei extract

Extract of a type of mold whose enzymes are used as a food additive and flavor enhancer in cheeses....

myristyl nicotinate

A derivative of nicotinic acid, a component of vitamin B3 (niacin) that isn’t the same ingredient...

sodium lactate

Sodium salt of lactic acid. Used primarily as a hydrating and buffering agent (to adjust a...

sodium phytate

The salt form of the corn-derived plant component phytic acid, used as a chelating agent in...

sodium salicylate

Salt form of salicylic acid (BHA). Because it is not the acid form of salicylate (i.e., salicylic...

sodium tallowate

Sodium salt of tallow.

solvent

Describes a large group of ingredients, including water, that are used to dissolve or break down...

SPF

steapyrium chloride

Antistatic agent used in hair-care products.

stearalkonium chloride

Antistatic ingredient used in hair-care products to control flyaways and aid in helping a brush or...

stearalkonium hectorite

Used as a suspending agent.

sun protection factor

Most commonly seen as SPF, it is a number that is assigned to a product that identifies its ability...

synthetic wax

A wax derived from a mixture of various oils. It functions as a binding and stabilizing agent.

talc

Naturally occurring silicate mineral (any group of substances containing negative ions composed of...

tallow

Substance extracted from the fatty deposits of animals, especially from suet (the fat of cattle and...

Saccharomyces calcium ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of calcium ions. It has no known benefit for skin.

sebacic acid

Used as a pH adjuster.

TEA

tetrahydroxypropyl ethylenediamine

tetrasodium EDTA

Chelating agent used to prevent minerals present in formulations from bonding to other ingredients.

tetrasodium etidronate

Used as a chelating agent in cosmetics to prevent varying mineral components from binding together...

thymus hydrolysate

Form of animal thymus derived by acid, enzyme, or other methods of hydrolysis. It can have...

tranexamic acid

A synthetic amino acid that functions as a skin-conditioning agent and astringent.

trehalose

Plant sugar that has hydrating properties for skin.

tridecyl salicylate

Salt form of salicylic acid (BHA). When it is no longer an acid (as in this case), salicylic acid...

triethanolamine

Used in cosmetics as a pH balancer. Like all amines, it has the potential for creating...

trioclanolin

Derived from lanolin and used as a texture enhancer, most commonly in powder-based products such as...

trisodium EDTA

Similar to tetrasodium EDTA. Used as a water-softening and chelating agent (a compound that binds...

UVA

Ultraviolet A radiation. The sun produces a range of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, of which UVA and...

UVB

Ultra-violet B radiation.

water

The most widely used cosmetic ingredient; water is almost always listed first on an ingredient...

wheat amino acids

A blend of amino acids from wheat protein after it has been broken down via hydrolysis. Most often...

whey protein

A form of protein derived from milk. An animal-derived ingredient, whey protein functions as a hair...

xylose

Form of sugar. Similar to other sugars, xylose has hydrating properties for skin.

xymenynic acid

Synthetic fatty acid that functions as a skin-softening agent.

yogurt

There is no research showing that yogurt is effective when applied topically on skin. Yogurt...

zinc carbonate

zinc PCA

A synthetic skin-softening ingredient derived from zinc, research has shown it to have anti-aging benefits due to...

hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin

A plant- derived or synthetic carbohydrate that functions as a chelating agent and...

sodium bicarbonate

A synthetic inorganic salt more commonly known as baking soda. It has many functions in cosmetics, including pH adjuster, buffering agent, and abrasive, such as in face or body scrubs.

tetrasodium glutamate diacetate

Tetrasodium glutamate diacetate is a chelating agent that can boost the effectiveness of preservatives.

citrate buffer

Citrate buffer is a buffered mixture of sodium citrate and citric acid and is used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster.

potassium citrate

Potassium citrate is a buffering agent that is the potassium salt of citric acid.

sodium gluconate

The salt form of gluconic acid, sodium gluconate is a mild acid produced from the sugar glucose.